To our knowledge, in the available open-access specialized repositories 14– 16, there are no datasets with similar properties to the one described here. There have been other studies with similar goals, but only one has an available online dataset 13, with different features. Electromyography (EMG) recordings are available for some sessions, according to the clinical conditions. This data descriptor outlines the EEG and EOG recordings from four different patients recorded during their use of the auditory communication system, having first trained progressively, and then ultimately controlling the system to communicate. The study design and paradigm are described in detail in the Methods section. The system must use the auditory modality because, in these patients, vision is often impaired due to drying and necrosis of the cornea and the partly or fully paralyzed eye-muscles. The auditory speller system is based on a binary system in which a patient is asked to respond to auditory questions by moving the eyes to say “yes” and not moving the eyes to say “no”. Four ALS patients with progressively decreasing EOG signal amplitude in the range of ☒00 μV to ±40 μV were able to select letters to construct words to form sentences and hence communicate freely using an auditory speller system. Nevertheless, even in the late stages of this condition, some remaining controllable muscles of the eyes continue to function for an unspecified length of time, which can be used to provide a means of communication to these patients 11, 12.Īn auditory electrooculogram (EOG) based communication system 12 was developed to provide a means of communication to ALS patients without gaze-fixation and who were unable to use the commercial AAC eye-tracking devices, but who had remnant oculomotor control to form words, phrases, and sentences using the system described in Tonin & Jaramillo-Gonzalez et al. In the case of patients who survive attached to life-support systems, the progression of the disease ultimately destroys oculomotor control, leading to the loss of gaze-fixation and impeding the use of eye-tracking based communication technologies 9– 11. Patients in LIS rely on eye-tracking based assistive and augmentative communication (AAC) technologies to communicate 7, 8. Those patients with intact consciousness, voluntary eye movement control, who can blink their eyes or twitch their muscles are said to be in a locked-in state (LIS) 5, 6. It might also help redefine the course of progression in ALS, thereby improving clinical judgement and treatment.Īmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that, in its final stages, paralyzes affected individuals impairing their ability to communicate 1– 4.
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The dataset provides an insight into the progression of ALS and presents a valuable opportunity to design and improve assistive and alternative communication technologies and brain-computer interfaces.
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The patients performed a succession of different sessions, namely, Training, Feedback, Copy spelling, and Free spelling. Data were recorded from four patients during a variable range of visits (from 2 to 10), each visit comprised of 3.22 ± 1.21 days and consisted of 5.57 ± 2.61 sessions recorded per day. These patients could no longer use commercial eye-trackers, but they could still move their eyes and used the remnant oculomotor activity to select letters to form words and sentences using a novel auditory communication system. The dataset presented here contains recordings of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculogram (EOG) from four advanced locked-in state (LIS) patients suffering from ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver applies to the metadata files associated with this article.
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